Expressions

Operators

There is no string-concatenation operator; use the concat() function.

Operator precedence, highest to lowest:

1. Member access: .field, [index], [key]
2. * / %
3. Binary + -
4. = != < > <= >=
5. is …, between … and …, in (…)
6. not
7. and
8. or

All binary operators at the same level are left-associative.

Negative numeric literals are written with a leading minus: -1, -3.14. There is no unary minus on expressions; write 0 - x instead.

Parentheses override precedence. and binds tighter than or; not binds tighter than and but looser than comparisons (not 1 = 1 is not (1 = 1)).

Object Constructors

{ a: 1, b: 2 }
{ 'a-b': 1 }             -- string key when the name is not a bare identifier
{ ...t, extra: true }    -- spread t, add extra
{ ...a, ...b }           -- merge (later spreads win on conflict)

Keys are bare identifiers or string literals. A trailing comma is permitted. Shorthand { x, y } is not supported — write { x: x, y: y }.

Array Constructors

[1, 2, 3]
[x, y, x + y]

Path Navigation

Navigate into bound values with dot and bracket notation on an alias or expression.

t.address              -- field access
t.address.city         -- nested field
t['key']               -- bracket key (equivalent to t.key when key is an identifier)
t.tags[0]              -- array index (0-based)

Unnesting in from

To iterate an array field, add a lateral source that paths into an earlier binding:

from T as t, t.items as item

Each outer row is paired with one element of t.items. A missing path, a non-array value, or an empty array contributes no rows for that outer binding.

Value sources — array literals, object arrays — also work in from:

select x from [1, 2, 3] as x;
select x.a as a from [{a: 1}, {a: 2}] as x;

Keyed table lookup

When the receiver of […] resolves to a catalog table with declared key columns, the subscript is a point lookup, not ordinary path navigation:

create table t (id int);
select t[1];              -- whole row, or null if absent
select t[1].v;           -- field of the looked-up row

create table c (a string, b int);
select c["x", 7];         -- composite full key
select c["x"];            -- partial key: matching rows as an array, in key order

On a row binding (not a table name), multi-element subscripts are not supported.